1. It provides security.

In larger companies, employees must be able to communicate with other employees from that department. Subnetting allows for the department to have its own subnetwork. Depending on how many departments the company has, each one can have its own private and secure subnetwork, independent from the other networks.

2. It allows organization of resources.

A company has several departments or types of resources: sales, customer care, IT, executive, research. With subnetting, these resources can be organized within the larger network. For example:

192.168.130.x - Executive
192.168.131.x - Research
192.168.132.x - IT
192.168.133.x - Sales
192.168.134.x - Customer Care


3. It speeds up the network.

Using subnets will decrease the size of the broadcast domain, allowing data to reach its destination much faster. For example, a network without subnetting:

192.168.x.y -
There are 255 possible values for x, and for each x there are 255 possible values for y.
This means that there are 255*255 possible recipients in the network broadcast domain.

Having such a large network broadcast domain means the signal must go through each possible recipient until it finds the correct one. To decrease the number of possible recipients, we use subnets. For example:


192.168.132.y -
Here, there are 255 possible values for y within the 132 subnet. The network broadcast domain only contains 255 possible recipients, thus making the network much faster.


Fix 1:

What we need to do is increase the allowed memory size for php scripts. This is easy assuming that you know the location of your php.ini file (if you don’t, read Fix 2).

Inside this file, find the following line and make the following changes:

to

Note: You might have to increase the number depending on how many modules your Drupal installation is using.

Fix 2:

If you cannot find your php.ini file, either it does not exist yet, or your host won’t allow you to access it. We will assume that the file does not exist yet, so lets create it.

Save the following code into a file named php.ini:

Put this file in your Drupal website root folder, …/public_html/.

Your memory error should no longer occur after this fix, however considering there are many reasons for this error to occur it might also not work.

There is a very easy fix for this. Simply add this line at the top of your .htaccess file:

ErrorDocument 401 “Unauthorized”

This must be done for every single subdirectory containing the .htaccess and .htpasswd files.

Your final .htaccess file would look something like this:

ErrorDocument 401 "Unauthorized"
AuthUserFile /locationofyoursubdirectory/.htpasswd
AuthGroupFile /dev/null
AuthName "Secure Document"
AuthType Basic

require user user1
require user user2
require user user3
require user user4
require user user5

After inserting that small line at the top of your .htaccess file, your subdirectories should be password protected but accessible, like intended.

To add an article to a category:
Simply edit the article you want to add to the category, and add the following line at the end of the contents:

[[Category: Nameofcategory]] (where Nameofcategory is your category name)

It doesn’t matter if the category does not exist or was never used before. MediaWiki will create a new page for each category containing all of the articles that were added to it.

The reason behind this is because Word uses some unstandardized tags for its formatting, and those tags are not recognized by IE.

Quick Fix (and a really bad way to do it):

To quickly fix an article where the issue occurs, follow these steps:

• Go back and edit the article.
• Switch from Visual view to HTML view.
• Remove any text occuring before the tag, including the tag itself.
• Switch back to Visual view and see if the article was fixed.
• Update the article.

Currently a few different plugins for WordPress are being developed which should stop the issue from occuring. I haven’t found a working one yet. If anyone does please comment away!

This article assumes that you’ve started a telnet conection through the Windows command prompt. (you can do so by typing: “telnet address port“)

Answer: To end your current telnet session you must reach the telnet prompt and type quit.

Here are the steps for doing so:
1. Open the telnet prompt by holding down the ‘Ctrl’ key and push the ‘]’ key. (prompt: Microsoft Telnet>)

2. Type quit.

3. Push the ‘Enter’ key.

You can change this default telnet prompt key by starting telnet like this:

telnet –e p  192.168.1.81 (this will change the telnet prompt key to lowercase ‘p’)

There are a couple of ways to remove the blue hyperlink border:

Using CSS
Add the following line to your style sheet code:

img {   border-style: none;   }

Using HTML
Add the following attribute to your image HTML code:

border="0"

Your line of code should look like this :

<img src="/image.jpg" border="0" />

 To password protect your web directory (using the Apache webserver) follow these steps:

 1. Create a file called “.htaccess” in the web directory you want to password protect and paste the following code into it. (change the non-bolded text to your own information)

AuthUserFile /your/directory/here/.htpasswd
AuthGroupFile /dev/null
AuthName “Secure Document”
AuthType Basic<LIMIT GET PUT POST>
require user username
</LIMIT>

2. Create a file called “.htpasswd” into the web directory you want to password protect. Use a .htpasswd content generator to generate the code for this file (eg. http://home.flash.net/cgi-bin/pw.pl). The code output should look like:

username:****************  

(where the *s are the encrypted version of your password)

3. Browse to your website and test the protection. If the password does not work, there is likely an incorrect directory target or typo in the “.htaccess” file:

AuthUserFile /your/directory/here/.htpasswd

A good “.htpasswd” content generator can be found here:
http://home.flash.net/cgi-bin/pw.pl
More information can be found here:
http://ag.arizona.edu/ecat/web/password-protect.html

I used this very useful website that is pretty self-explanatory to change the picture shown within the header:

http://www.easytutorials.org/phpbb3_styles_logo.html

Note: When you refresh your forums to see if the changes have taken place, do so by pressing SHIFT+F5. (This clears the cache and does a full refresh)

A faster way would be to rename your image to “site_logo.gif” and overwrite the default one by moving it into the “styles/*stylename*/imageset/”  folder.  The image will most likely be scaled to a default size so you must change the size manually by going into Administration Control Panel>Styles>Imagesets>Edit and under Select Image select Main Logo. Select ‘yes’ to Include Dimensions and manually type in the desired image size.

Keep in mind that if your image has a background with a solid colour, it will show up on top of the background of the header, sometimes making it look unprofessional. To fix this you must either create the image with a transparent background,  or edit the header background to match the image.

To do the latter, go to Administration Control Panel>Styles>Themes>Edit and comment out the following line by changing:

background-image: url(“{T_THEME_PATH}/images/bg_header.gif”);

to

//background-image: url(“{T_THEME_PATH}/images/bg_header.gif”);

Right on top of this line, the code “background-color: #FFFFFF;” can be seen. The “FFFFFF” part can be changed to any colour hexidecimal code (more colour codes can be found here).

When done, hit Submit and check out the new forum header (remember to refresh with SHIFT+F5).

This product has unique qualities that would be beneficial to the following areas of building automation:

• Data Management
• Building Safety
• Security Applications
• Environmental Controls

The Primer Pack/IP will offer the end-user the option to move from a static, wired system to a dynamic wireless network able to share valuable data and information to all areas of operation through Ethernet, WiFi, and other connections. The wireless network allows the user a more effective and simple integration process as well.

The Primer Pack/IP is described as a complete standards-based, wireless sensor network (WSN) application development and deployment platform. Composed of a service-oriented architecture (SOA), Internet Protocol (IP)-based networking, and a secure, reliable, responsive, low-power mesh networking.

Primer Pack/IP Set-up

The process requires the separation of the logical communication of data in such functions as naming, routing and security from the physical links that carry the data.

Recently, developers of communication networks have adopted the Internet Protocol (IP) as their common routing protocol, along with transport protocols that enable data bits to be delivered properly to their destination.
The Primer Pack/IP product should work well within BACnet due to the protocol’s communication through RS232, RS485, Ethernet, and others that conform to BACnet.

Another advantage for the BACnet protocol would be through the various services included in the protocol. Such as the following services:

• Data Sharing
• Alarms
• Scheduling
• Remote Device Management

Primer Pack/IP users can actually develop custom applications to monitor physical conditions without special programming that’s usually required to build sensor network applications. Sensor data becomes immediately available to the plant manager or field worker on the desired mobile IP device, or to the office worker in a web browser environment.

This technology removes the limitations of wired sensors, and develops networks to make that information readily accessible. In addition, the leading internet and web technology provides a platform for the networks and to further the development of varying information sources.

The San Francisco-based Arch Rock Corporation is a developer that concentrates on products and technology for wireless sensor networks. The corporation’s goal is to connect the physical and digital world through wireless sensor networks, where the data can be simply viewed, analyzed, and managed by the user.

For more information about the Arch Rock Corporation and its products, visit the following link: http://www.archrock.com/
Written by: Scott Cosby
© Chipkin Automation Systems 2007