In this tutorial we will be showing you how to set up the eclipse environment, Build the Arduino library, Create a Arduino project, Compiling C/C++ code, Uploading code to the Arduino, FAQ. This tutorial was created in response to VHS Hack Challenge.

Setting up the Eclipse environment

Download
You may not be able to find the exact versions that are used in this tutorial, just you the most updated versions.

Build the Arduino library

Before we can create our first Arduino project we have to link in the Arduino library for Eclipse. There are several different ways of doing this described on Eclipse for Arduino tutorial but for this tutorial we will be creating a static library.

You can download the project and the library directly and skip this step.

1. Open Eclipse and start a new C++ project.
2. C++ Project
   • Project Name: ArduinoCore
   • Project Type: AVR Cross Target Static Libary
   • Toolchains: AVR-GCC Toolchain
     
3. Select Configurations, Uncheck debug we will not be using the debug version of this library in this tutorial.
4. Set the MCU type and frequency for your Arduino board. For example, for the Diecimila, use ATmega168 running at 16000000 Hz. For new versions of the Duemilanove, use ATmega328P running at 16000000 Hz. If you look closely at the Arduino board, you can see the target platform written on the main processor. Click Finish.
5. In Eclipse, click Project->Properties.
6. Select C/C++ Build and expand the category (e.g., click the diamond to the left of “C/C++ Build”).
7. Select Settings under C/C++ Build.
8. In the right pane, Click AVR Compiler
   • Debugging. Set “Generate Debugging Info” to No debugging info.
   • Optimization. Set the Optimization Level to “Size Optimizations”.
   • Directories, Add the path to the Arduino IDE’s Hardware folder “Arduino-0018\hardware\arduino\cores\arduino”
9. In the right pane, Click AVR C++ Compiler
   • Debugging. Set “Generate Debugging Info” to No debugging info.
   • Optimization. Set the Optimization Level to “Size Optimizations”.
   • Directories, Add the path to the Arduino IDE’s Hardware folder “Arduino-0018\hardware\arduino\cores\arduino”
10. Right click on the ArduinoCore project in the project explorer on the right and select Import.
11. On the Import dialog, select General => File System and click next.
12. On the File system dialog click browse and select the Arduino IDE’s hardware folder  “Arduino-0018\hardware\arduino\cores\arduino”
13. Select all the files except main.cpp. Click finish
14. Build the project, On the mail dialog click the hammer in the too bar or by selecting Project =>Build All.

Congratulations you have created the Arduino C/C++ library for Eclipse.  The library ( libArduinoCore.a ) can be found in the projects release folder. It should be around 26k

Path: \workspace\ArduinoCore\Release\libArduinoCore.a

Creating a Arduino project

Now that we have the Arduino library we can build our first Arduino project. We are going to start with the Blink tutorial from Arduino.cc its one of the simplest tutorials and should be a good building block for future projects.

You can download the project for this tutorial from our website.

1. Create a new Eclipse C++ project, File => New => C++ project
2. C++ Project
   • Project Name: Blinky
   • Project Type: AVR Cross Target Application => Empty project
   • Toolchains: AVR-GCC Toolchain
3. Select Configurations, Uncheck debug we will not be using the debug version in this tutorial.
4. Set the MCU type and frequency for your Arduino board. For example, for the Diecimila, use ATmega168 running at 16000000 Hz. For new versions of the Duemilanove, use ATmega328P running at 16000000 Hz. If you look closely at the Arduino board, you can see the target platform written on the main processor. Click Finish.
5. In Eclipse, click Project => Properties.
6. Select C/C++ Build and expand the category (e.g., click the diamond to the left of “C/C++ Build”).
7. Select Settings under C/C++ Build.
8. In the right pane, Click Additional Tools in Toolchain
   • Check Generate HEX file for flash memory
   • Check Print size
9. In the right pane, Click AVR Compiler
   • Debugging. Set Generate Debugging Info to “No debugging info”.
   • Optimization. Set the Optimization Level to “Size Optimizations”.
   • Directories, Add the path to the Arduino IDE’s Hardware folder “Arduino-0018\hardware\arduino\cores\arduino”
10. In the right pane, Click AVR C++ Compiler
    • Debugging. Set Generate Debugging Info to “No debugging info”.
    • Optimization. Set the Optimization Level to “Size Optimizations”.
    • Directories, Add the path to the Arduino IDE’s Hardware folder “Arduino-0018\hardware\arduino\cores\arduino”
11. In the right pane, Click AVR C++ Linker
    • Command: avr-gcc
    • Command line pattern: ${COMMAND} –cref -s -Os ${OUTPUT_FLAG}${OUTPUT_PREFIX}${OUTPUT} ${INPUTS} -lm ${FLAGS} *NOTE — is two short dashes (- – with out the space) not a single long dash, WordPress auto converts two short dashes to a single dash
12. In the right pane, Click AVR C++ Linker => Libraries
    • Add your Arduino library created above “ArduinoCore“, The name of the library does not include the extension or the pretext of ‘lib’.  Note: In this project I copied the library in to the base folder of the Blinky project for simplicity.
13. Create a new source file,  File => New => Source file, Call it main.cpp
14. Copy the contents of this file main.cpp in to main.cpp
15. Build the project, On the mail dialog click the hammer in the too bar or by selecting Project =>Build All.

Uploading code to the Arduino

Lucky there is already a tool for this built in to AVR plugin for Eclipse called AVRDude. It should already be included with the AVR plugin for Eclipse so you shouldn’t have to download or install anything else.

1. In Eclipse, click Project =>Properties.
2. On the left hand side AVR => AVRDude
3. You will need to create a new programmer configuration for your board but you only have to do this once.  Click New
4. New programmer configuration
   • Configuration Name: Arduino Duemilanove
   • Programmer Hardware: Atmel STK500 Version 1.x Firmware
   • Override default port: //./COM14
     Note:  you will have to change this to your comport.)
   • Override default baudrate: 57600
5. Click OK,
6. On the AVRDude dialog select Advanced
7. Check “Disable Device signature check” and click OK
8. Highlight Blinky in the project explorer and click AVR => Upload to target device or the AVR icon with the green downward arrow.
   
9. The results will be printed in the console.

Launching C:\Dev\WinAVR-20100110\bin\avrdude -pm16 -cstk500v1 -P//./COM14 -b57600 -F -Uflash:w:Blinky.hex:a
Output:

avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.05s

avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e950f
avrdude: Expected signature for ATMEGA16 is 1E 94 03
avrdude: NOTE: FLASH memory has been specified, an erase cycle will be performed
To disable this feature, specify the -D option.
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude: reading input file “Blinky.hex”
avrdude: input file Blinky.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: writing flash (1158 bytes):

Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.61s

avrdude: 1158 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against Blinky.hex:
avrdude: load data flash data from input file Blinky.hex:
avrdude: input file Blinky.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: input file Blinky.hex contains 1158 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.52s

avrdude: verifying …
avrdude: 1158 bytes of flash verified

avrdude done. Thank you.

Congratulation you have uploaded your source code to the Arduino.

FAQ

Q: I keep getting this error message when I upload code with AVRDude to the Arduino.

avrdude: stk500_getsync(): not in sync: resp=0×00
avrdude done.  Thank you.

A: Disconnect and reconnect your Arduino and try again

More help

For more help with setting up Eclipse to work with Arduino see these two posts on the subject

• Arduino in Eclipse
• Arduino playground: Eclipse

If you have any other questions or suggestion on how to improve this article, please leave a comment.

Update:

DubiousTech:
First error I got was with the linker command line pattern. I got a compiler error “avr-gcc.exe: –cref: No such file or directory”. It looks like the “–cref” should be “–cref”. After changing that I got a different error saying “ld.exe: cannot find -lArduinoCore”. Eventually, after trying just about everything I could think of I discovered that I needed both the name of the library in the “-l” box and the file location in the “-L” box. This might very well be a simple mistake, but it’s not clear to a novice.

Steve:
You’ve got to update this post so the dash in front of “cref” is actually two dashes

What happens if you want to serve some/all of the bits that form a 16 bit register. ie. Your client reads a 16bit register but you want to serve those bits as separate binary objects.

Here is an example

• A series of 16 bit numbers
• A series of bits

It depends on what kind of operation access the Data Array. If it’s a 16 bit or analog number type operation then it addesses 16 bit numbers. If the operation is a bit operation like for a binary data point then the operation addresses each bit.

Therefore DA_PACKED[0] is ambiguous.

If you connected a server Map Descriptor to that point and the type is an Analog In/output then it means the 16bit number found at DA_PACKED[0].

If you connected a server Map Descriptor to that point and the type is an Binary In/output then it means the bit number found at DA_PACKED[0] and DA_PACKED[15] is the 16^th bit. DA_PACKED[16] is the 1^st bit of the next 16 bit number…

If that seems to complicated then add one more move:

Data_Arrays

This move moves the 16 bits for DA_PACKED[0] to 16 separate bits with unambiguous offsets and you can use those in the server map descriptors.

Heads Up

Preloads

Moves

“Some of the controls on this property sheet are disabled because one or more other Network property sheets are already open”

Steps to reproduce:

1. Open “network connections” from the control panel.
2. Right click on “Local Area Connection” and click “properties”

Resolution:

1. Download drivers for your current network card.
2. Uninstall all your networks cards from (Control panel->System->Device manager)
3. Restart your computer.
4. Let windows attempt to install your network card for you. If windows can not find the correct network card drivers use the one you downloaded in step 1.

If you are still having problems you could try;

• Uninstall all network related applications, eg HP wireless assistant, HP wlan assistant, ect…
• Uninstall all virtual machine applications, eg VMWare, Virtual box, ect…

The Server Node must therefore be capable of deciding the nature of its response based on the status of relevant Client Nodes. This can be accomplished using responsible Map Descriptors (RDBC, WRBX, and WRBC). In case no acknowledgement of these functions is received, the device is identified as offline and a flag is placed at the data array offset. The virtual FieldServer can be configured using the Offline_Method option to respond to identification requests in one of the following ways:

1. Ignore_Clients/No Setting (default) – The kernel ignores the status of Client side Nodes and uses only the online/offline status of relevant data objects to decide on the type of response.
2. Any_Offline – If any relevant Client Node is offline the Server Node will respond with a node offline message as defined by the Server protocol. This option is available for selected drivers only.
3. All_Offline – If all relevant Client Nodes are offline the Server Node will respond with a node offline message as defined by the Server protocol. This option is available for selected drivers only.
4. Always_Respond – A response with data currently in the FieldServer is always sent, without considering the online/offline status of the relevant Client Nodes. This option is available for all drivers.

Offline Server Nodes are treated differently by different protocols. Some protocols will have an explicit offline response, while others will simply not respond.

If configured, the node offline response will take priority over the data offline response.<-->

Long tag lists should be generally avoided. Tag pages are somewhat like category pages.  We can assign related posts the same tag, and then all those posts appear on the same tag page. During the design stages of the site, make a list on a piece of paper of all the tags we want to use on our site.  These will be the most important keywords for the niche, but they should be keywords that are different to the categories which we have setup for the site.  Tags can be considered as additional pages that WordPress will create offering us a secondary way of filing our posts.

Although, usage of tags made broad grouping of post topics possible yet to describe a post in more specific terms, more categories are needed. A category is an exclusively defined division in a system of classification. A system of classification here refers to a highly structured, possibly hierarchical system. For example, to borrow from the classification system for living things, we have a tree like “Animals -> Vertebrates -> Mammals -> Horses”. Any of these terms can be considered to be a category, and they fall into a strict structure.

The basic difference between categories and tags is that categories are structured and tags are unstructured. Categories organize, hierarchically. Tags need not. Tags provide meta-information, Categories need not. Tags cross-connect, Categories do not. <–>

PageRank is a link analysis algorithm used by the Google Internet search engine that assigns a numerical weighting to each element of a hyperlinked set of documents, such as the World Wide Web. The purpose behind this is to measure the relative importance of the element within the set. It is a probability distribution check which represents the possibility that a person randomly clicking on links will arrive at any particular page.

RMS or Effective Value

Apparent Power

Power Factor and Phase

Real Power and Reactive Power

Diagram: RMS measurement

Diagram: Leading / Lagging

THD – Total harmonic Distortion (also called Distortion)

Sag / Swell or Dip / Surge

Under / Over Voltage

Transient Voltages / Spikes / Surges

Gotcha #2 : Mixing 10 and 100 mbits/sec can cause problems.

Recommended Hubs

• 10Mbit/sec Networks – DX-EHB4 – 4 Port 10 Mbps HUB
• Netgear – DS104 Dual Speed HUB
• 10Mbit/sec Networks – D-LINK DE-805TP

Consider the example of spoken language. English imposes rules on syntax and structure but does not oblige you to say anything useful or comprehensible to other people.

Your assistant is likely to respond well to the 2nd instruction and not know how to respond to the first.

The same considerations apply to XML. Now consider an XML example:

	< Data Xfer >
		< Send data now ! >
	< /Data Xfer >

	< poll >
		< source >
			< nodeId > 22 < /nodeId >
		< dest >
			< nodeId > 11 < /nodeId >
			< nodeName > node_A < /nodeName >
		< /dest >
		< responseRequirement > dataOnly < /responseRequirement >
		< query >
			< action > read < /action >
			< tableName > Setpoints < /tableName >
			< address > 10 < /address >
			< length > 3 < /length >
		< /query >
	< /poll >

Its not hard to see that the success of the query is dependent on the ability of the system to understand the query. Just because it complies with the rules of the XML syntax does not mean the interface will understand it.

Here are some key questions to ask:

1. Is the XML interface implemented using TCP/IP or UDP?

2. What is the XML Schema? The schema provides the structure of the XML packets used to query and respond with system data. It shows how the messages must be formatted and defines the data types of the various message fields (in the world or protocols the schema is equivalent to the protocol specification).

3. All the other normal questions you would ask of an interface – What data is available? How much can be transferred at once? What is the scaling? How are data objects addressed? etc…