Archive for June, 2008



Valid reasons for a sudden increase in clicks in your Google AdWords account.

If you notice a suddenly increase in clicks in one of your Ad Groups and you are not sure if they are valid or not you can consider the following:

  • Account not optimized: keywords and/or ad text are to general and produces a lot of impressions and clicks.
  • Ad’s on Content Network: Recent news and events can significantly increase your impressions as well as clicks.
  • Seasonal advertising: If you sell Christmas cards and it is December time you can anticipate and increase in clicks.
  • CPC or daily budget increase: Increasing your CPC can place your ad in a higher Ad Ranks that receives a lot more clicks.
  • Ad Recently approved: If your ad was recently approved on the content network it will start generating impressions and clicks.
  • Competitor stop running ads: If your competitor stop running his ads your ad will now appear more and generate more clicks.
  • Identical IP addresses: Some ISP’s assign identical IP’s for multiple user.

You can review your account for a specific period of time to see if there are significant changes. You can also compare your web logs with your Google reports. Google AdWords also allow you to generate an invalid clicks report that was filtered out by Google.

If you are sure that the above reasons are not the cause for your increase clicks you can contact Google AdWords at the following link and supply them with your details: http://adwords.google.com/support/bin/request.py?clickquality=1

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Making your Ad text bold with Google AdWords

Only simple text is allowed when creating your AdWords text ads. Formatting options like bold, italicization or underlined are not provided for your text ads. Google AdWords will however make part of your ad text appear in bold whenever it matches or nearly matches a user’s search query. This can be achieved by adding the relevant keywords for a specific Ad Group in your ad text. Whenever the keyword triggers your ad it will also become bold in your ad text. This will catch the user’s attention and increase the likelihood of a click. Your text ad heading is the clickable part of your ad and placing the relevant keyword there will make it even more likely for a click. This can really give your text ad’s a performance boost.

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BACnet MSTP Topology

Take care with the topology. The best topology is a single trunk that in-outs on the terminal blocks of each device it connects. What do we mean by best ? We mean the choice which is least likely to cause problems.

Best arrangement. (Showing TX conductor for reference only)

Getting worse. Making the connections to the RS485 terminals, drops instead of connections starts to give the electrical signals all kinds of complicated paths for reflections and harmonics. Its obvious that if the drops are long and are not twisted then you also have more chance to induce noise. (Showing TX conductor for reference only)

Worst. Avoid Star configurations. They are so much harder to debug when it gets tricky. (Showing TX conductor for reference only)

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Embedded Match a more advanced matching option by Google AdWords.

The rarely used matching option “Embedded match” is a much more sophisticated form of keyword matching. It allows you to prevent your ad from appearing for certain phrases or exact matches. This option is especially useful for advertisers selling merchandise that relate directly to a movie or book title.

For example let say you sell toys and other products from the movie Ice Age. If you use the Embedded match –[Ice Age] your ad will appear for phrase Ice Age toys and Ice age products but not for the exact match Ice Age. This will help you to target more qualified users and dramatically reduce your irrelevant impressions.

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The Ad Position Preference Option by Google Adwords

Google AdWords allows you to chouse your preferred ad position ranking on the Google search network. For example if you notice that your ad perform much better in the ad position three and four, you can set your ad for those positions. The position preference option must first be enabled at the campaign level before enabling it at the keyword level. Each keyword in an Ad Group can then have its own position preference setting.

The system will then automatically try to adjust your keyword bid to get your ad in the preferred position. Position preference is not guaranteed and your ad may still appear in other positions. After selecting the ad preference option it might even take the system a few days before delivering the ad accordingly.

It is important to note that your ad will not be served if your ad ranking is not high enough for your preferred position ranking. Your position preference settings also have no effect on your ads on the content networks. The ads average position in your campaign report will give you some indication of what your ad position preference setting should be. It is important to remember that the report might not provide you with an accurate indication if your ad campaign has only been running for a short while. The position preference option can drastically reduce your ad impressions and caution must be taken when using this option.

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Keeping your costs low with Google AdWords

The keyword matching options provided by Google AdWords is a very powerful tool to help reduce the cost of your Google AdWords campaign. This can be accomplished in two ways. Firstly Google Adwords rewords you for a keyword with a high CTR by reducing its minimum CPC bid. Secondly all your irrelevant impressions and clicks will decrease, thus reducing your cost and increasing your ROI.

Broad match is the default setting in your Google AdWords campaign. It’s good practice too make your broad matches at least two keywords long on the one hand and no more than four keywords on the other. Single keyword broad matches usually generate lots of impressions and will decrease your CTR significantly. You can use single keyword terms when your ad is confined to a certain region. The broad matches with four or more keywords will generate very few impressions and won’t be of that much use. The combination of the broad match option and negative keywords option have also been proven to be a excellent method in reducing campaign cost and reaching a more qualified audience.

Matching options can also be used to activate inactive keywords again without increasing their minimum CPC bid. This can be done by deleting the inactive keyword phrase and then reusing it as an exact match. With this option you will still be able to use the inactive keyword phrase to attract potential customers at a reduced minimum CPC bid. In summary, matching options gives you more control over your audience and help you to reduce cost and reach more qualified users.

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BACnet MSTP Passive Slave Node Description

The BACnet Master Slave Token Passing (MSTP) LAN works on a token passing principle. A master node has to gain access to a token to be able to use the transport medium. Only master nodes are allowed to send and receive tokens on the MSTP network. Passive slave nodes on the other hand may only transmit a data frames on the network in response to a request from a master nodes. Passing the token represents overhead in the sense that the messages used for managing the token do not carry data that is useful to automation or monitoring.

On the BACnet MSTP network frame types are used as a mechanism to allow passive slaves node’s, that never holds the token, a means to return replies.

A valid MAC address for a passive slave node on the BACnet MSTP network may range between MAC addresses 0 to 254. The MAC addresses range 0 to 127 is a shared address range between both master and passive slave nodes.

Practical Implications of the differences between using Masters and Passive Slaves.

Many vendors do not provide a choice between Master and Slave configuration of their field devices. They are masters and there is nothing you can do about it.

Slaves cannot be discovered

Because slave’s cant reply to the who-is message they cannot be discovered. A consequence of this is that you have to know their Mac address in advance and you have to configure your client to poll that specific address.

Practically speaking this is less of a problem than you would think. Some client software suites allow you to discover devices objects and properties and then drag and drop these onto animation objects on the Scada/HMIS screens. A few of these are intelligent enough to discover objects and properties of a passive slave provided you provide the Mac Address. Some Scada/HMI applications require you to type in the object and property manually so there is no disadvantage to use passive slave nodes.

Masters burn bandwidth

So you must weigh this small one time engineering cost against the huge bandwidth burden using many masters on a network imposes. The charts below give you an idea of how big the burden is.

Based on traffic on a simple network with a single master and a single field device. In test 1 we configured the field device as a Master. In test 2 we configured the field device as a slave.

Chart 1 : Typical ratio of payload (APDU) to overhead (Token) when using Masters.

APDU = 5% (Useful)

Token = 95% (Overhead)

Chart 2 : Typical ratio of payload (APDU) to overhead (Token) when using a Slave device.

APDU = 31% (Useful)

Token = 69% (Overhead)

Additional Information

The frames and frame types that will be ignored by a passive slave node are as follows:

  • Frames with a destination address not equal to this station address (TS)
  • Frame with destination address equal to 255 (broadcast address) and frame type equal to BACnet_Data_Expecting_Reply, Test_Request or a proprietary type known to the node that expects a reply. (such frames may not be broadcasted)
  • Frame types Token, Poll_For_Master, Reply_To_Poll_For_Master, Reply_Postponed or a standard or proprietary frame type not known to this station.

The frames and frame types excepted by a passive slave node are as follows:

  • Frames with destination address equal to this station address (TS) and with frame type Receive_data_no_reply, Test_Response or proprietary type known to the node that does not expect a reply.
  • Frames with destination address equal to this station address (TS) and with frame type Receive_Data_Expecting_Reply, Test_Request or proprietary type known to this station that expects a reply.

The passive slave node needs to respond, to a frame expecting a reply, within a specified time frame (Not exceed Treply_delay) from when receiving the last octet of the requesting frame. If this time period has expired the slave will not respond to the frame and will return to its Idle mode.

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Flavors of BACnet

Flavor
Application
Affects you?
IP
  • Uses the TCP/IP protocol
  • Controller to contoller
  • Controller to HMI
  • Some field devices
On the up
Ethernet 802.3
  • Raw Ethernet Packets
Being displaced by IP
Point to Point
  • Modems and phone lines
Rare. Expected to disappear.
MS/TP
  • Field devices
Millions of installed devices.
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Google AdWords: Chousing your Maximum CPC

Each time you create a new Ad Group you will be prompted to enter a maximum cost-per-click (CPC). The maximum CPC is the maximum amount you are willing to pay each time someone clicks on your Ad. If you want the most clicks possible for your Ad Group you can select the option ‘Want to purchase the most clicks possible?’. The system will then estimate the maximum CPC needed to place your Ad among the top positions, based on your keyword list. Chousing the recommended maximum CPC will allow your Ads to appear among the top Ad positions.

If the maximum CPC are to high for your current budget, then enter the amount you are willing to pay for a click. You can use the ‘Estimated Ad Positions’ option to show you your ad position, for each keyword, for your current maximum CPC selection. If you’re not happy with your ad position you can increase your maximum CPC and run the Estimated Ad Positions’ option again to view you new Ad position. You also have the option to chouse the maximum CPC for an individual keyword. This will increase your Ad position for that specific keyword. Once you’re happy you can continue.

As time goes on you will have to reevaluate your maximum CPC to keep your keywords active. This is because of the dynamic nature of Ad position placement and the way it’s calculated.

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Google AdWords: Reasons for Daily Budget exhaustion

The most obvious reason for your daily budget exhaustion is the fact that your daily budget can’t accommodate the amount of ad traffic your ads receives per day. There are three ways to prolong the amount of time your ads run each day. The first step will be to optimize your account by refining your keyword list so that it contains only the most targeted terms. Ones you have done this you can also lower your CPC bid. This will reduce your ad ranking as well as the amount you pay per click. If you don’t feel comfortable with the first two options you can always just increase your daily budget.

Your ads Delivery Method settings can also have an impact on your daily budget exhaustion. Certain times through the day may yield more valuable traffic for your ad than other times. With the ‘Standard’ delivery method, the Google AdWords system determines the most effective time period to use the majority of your budget, rather than distributing it evenly through the day. An ‘Accelerated’ delivery setting on the other hand will show your ads as often as possible. This may deplete your daily budget more quickly than you would like it to. By chousing the right delivery method you may still be able to stay in your daily budget limit.

Dynamic changes in web content, user behavior, news items, trends and current events can also dramatically influence the amount of impressions and clicks you receive though the day. Although it is important to keep in mind, it is mush more difficult to pin point.

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